Philosophy of Science

Academic (University) preparation with worked examples, written practice and independent learning assessments.

Independent university-level study of Philosophy of Science. This original curriculum draws on public academic subject descriptions; it is not an official faculty syllabus, university credit, accreditation or an Ivy League qualification. Topics covered: Scientific explanation; Prediction; Description; Scientific aims. Induction; Confirmation; Falsification; Underdetermination. Scientific realism; Instrumentalism; Theory change; Pessimistic induction. Models; Idealization; Abstraction; Representation. Causation; Laws; Mechanisms; Counterfactuals. Measurement; Operationalization; Experiment; Objectivity. Reduction; Emergence; Interdisciplinarity; Special sciences. Values in science; Research integrity; Scientific expertise; Case-based argument. Projects use safe simulations, public datasets or textual analysis; specialist subject review is required. Includes lessons, supplementary YouTube tutorials, practical exercises, quizzes and free/paid practice tests. Erudex is independent, not affiliated with the source institution or awarding body. Its 80% learning checks are not official grades or university credit. Content requires qualified subject review before use as a complete teaching programme.